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Remote Influences of ENSO and IOD on the Interannual Variability of the West Antarctic Sea Ice
Jihae Kim1, Myong-In Lee1*, Daehyun Kang2, Emilia Kyung Jin3, Won Sang Lee3 and Jong-Seong Kug4
1 Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
2 Department of Oceanography, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
3 Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, South Korea
4 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea
Abstract
West Antarctica exhibits a pronounced sea ice variability in interannual timescale, and 20%–30% of the total variance can be explained by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) during austral spring. The sea ice variation is primarily linked with anomalous atmospheric circulation in the Amundsen-Bellingshausen Sea (ABS) that modulates poleward atmospheric temperature advection and radiative forcing. With a co-varying relationship between ENSO and IOD, isolating their remote impacts on Antarctica has been limited in observations. An idealized experiment using the atmospheric model with a dry dynamical core suggests that the anticyclonic circulation anomaly in the ABS is primarily contributed by the ENSO in the Pacific Ocean, while the contribution of the IOD in the Indian Ocean is only one-third large. This study implies that atmospheric teleconnection through the southern Pacific Ocean is crucial for understanding the West Antarctic sea ice concentration variability.